Calendar
Seminario in modalita` ibrida
link Google meet https://meet.google.com/sxz-cctp-tsc
Speaker: Giacomo Permunian (Universita` di Ferrara)
Titolo : La chimica e mineralogia della condrite ordinaria 6A.
Abstract: Ordinary chondrites (OCs), costituiscono la classe di meteoriti più abbondante tra quelle viste cadere (falls) e trovate (finds). Sulla base delle loro differenze chimiche, isotopiche, mineralogiche e tessiturali (petrografiche) sono suddivise in tre gruppi (H, L, LL). La possibilità di studiare questi materiali con sempre più dettaglio ha permesso di ampliare la nostra conoscenza sulla varietà dei materiali nel Sistema Solare e di comprendere meglio le condizioni chimico-fisiche della nebulosa solare.
Presenterò lo studio in corso della meteorite COs 6A, di tipo H, trovata nella provincia di Tata in Marocco, di cui ho studiato principalmente la petrografia (tessitura della roccia) e la composizione mineralogica dei principali costituenti (olivina, Ca-poor pyroxenes e feldspati). Olivine e pirosseni sono i fondamentali costituenti anche del mantello terrestre (e suoi analoghi del sistema solare), e sono tra i costituenti più comuni delle polveri del mezzo inter e circumstellare. Nell’ambito del tirocinio presso l’INAF di Palermo abbiamo usato questi materiali come analoghi di polvere inter e circumstellare.
Seminario in forma ibrida,
indirizzo Google meet: https://meet.google.com/sxz-cctp-tsc
Speaker: Salvatore Sciortino (INAF)
Titolo: The Athena predicted PSF and ELSP and their effects on X-ray (stellar) studies
Abtract:
In the past 12-18 months improved descriptions of the predicted Athena PSF
(Point Spread Function) and of the predicted Athena/XIFU ELSF (Extended Line
Spread Function) have become available and their effects has been investigated by more detailed simulations of WFI and XIFU based studies. I will discuss and illustrate the most relevant outcomes of this investigations and their possible effect on (stellar) X-ray studies and more in general the currently predicted
capability (and related limit) of future Athena observations.
Speaker: Víctor Almendros Abad (CENTRA, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa; European Southern Observatory)
Title: Milky Way’s young substellar population
indirizzo google meet: https://meet.google.com/sxz-cctp-tsc
Abstract:
Young clusters and star forming regions are home to a large number of substellar objects with masses below the hydrogen-burning limit at ~0.075 MSun. Most of our knowledge about their populations comes from nearby regions (d < 400 pc), where we find consistent formation rates of 2-5 young brown dwarfs per 10 newborn stars. Brown dwarf theories, on the other hand, predict that high gas or stellar densities, as well as the presence of massive OB stars, may be factors that boost the incidence of newly formed brown dwarfs with respect to stars. The next frontier in substellar studies, therefore, is the exploration of massive star clusters, characterized by significantly different star-forming environments than those found in our immediate vicinity. In this contribution I will present our deep NIR imaging using the AO-supported instrument HAWK-I/VLT in Galactic massive clusters RCW 38 and NGC 2244, complemented by the spectroscopic follow-up using KMOS/VLT. We report the most complete substellar IMFs in the two clusters, along with the first bona-fide brown dwarfs beyond 1 kpc, providing an ideal dataset for a comparison with nearby star forming regions. Finally, I will present our future plans with two approved JWST programs, which include the first substellar IMF in a starburst cluster, and spectroscopic confirmation of first single Jupiter-mass objects in a nearby star forming region.
SPEAKER: Julien Gressot, Doctorant FNS – Histoire des techniques et de l’innovation, Institut d’histoire
AFFILIATION: Université de Neuchâtel (Switzerland)
TITLE: The Photographic Zenith tube (PZT) of the Neuchâtel Observatory: Achievement of time determination or failure of innovation?
ABSTRACT: Throughout its existence, the Neuchâtel Observatory has sought to be at the forefront of astronomical time determination. In the mid-20th century, a technological innovation began to spread in observatories with PZTs (Photographic Zenith Tube). The Neuchâtel Observatory was one of the first to obtain this instrument, the purpose of which was to eliminate the human factor by automating the time determination and certain other instrumental errors. PZTs were presented as the most accurate instruments of their time, but their development was soon halted. In this paper, we will examine the technical evolution of PZTs, the reasons why they became the must-have instrument, and the explanations for their rapid abandonment.
Google Meet room: https://meet.google.com/sxz-cctp-tsc
Speaker: Quentin Changeat (UCL)
Title: Atmospheric retrievals in the era of next generation telescopes.
Abstract: With the recent launch of the NASA/ESA/CSA-JWST telescope and the upcoming ESA-Ariel, we are now entering a new era of exoplanet characterisation. These next-generation telescopes will revolutionise our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres, but the analysis of their observations will be very challenging.
Prova tesi di Edoardo Alaimo (UNIPA), seminario in modalita` ibrida
Google meet: https://meet.google.com/sxz-cctp-tsc
Titolo: CHARACTERISATION AND MODELLING OF THE UV-VIS-IR TRANSMISSION OF MULTILAYER THIN FILM FILTERS FOR APPLICATIONS IN HIGH HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS
Abstract: TBD
Seminario in forma ibrida
Indirizzo Google meet: https://meet.google.com/sxz-cctp-tsc
Speaker: R. Giuffrida (UNIPA)
Titolo: The supernova remnant SN 1006 as a Galactic particle accelerator
Abstract:
The origin of cosmic-rays is an open issue of high-energy astrophysics. Supernova remnants are expected to be the main source of Galactic cosmic rays up to energies of about 3 PeV, provided that they transfer a significant fraction of their kinetic energy to the particles (∼ 10%). In particular, the loss of such a large fraction of energy is predicted to alter the shock dynamics by enhancing the shock compression ratio above the canonical value of 4 (shock modification). The bilateral supernova remnant SN 1006 is an ideal target to study shock modification because of its evolution in a fairly uniform environment. SN 1006 shows bright synchrotron X-ray emission from ultrarelativistic electrons accelerated at the shock front in its northeastern and southwestern limbs. If efficient hadron acceleration occurs in these regions, we should observe shock modification therein. We performed a spatially resolved spectral analysis of Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of SN 1006 by selecting narrow regions between the shock front and the contact discontinuity and measuring the density of the X-ray emitting plasma. Our results show an increase of the compression ratio from the characteristic value of 4, in thermal limb, up to ∼ 7 in nonthermal limbs, i.e. in regions where the ambient magnetic field is almost parallel to the shock velocity. We conclude that an efficient particle acceleration causes shock modification in quasi-parallel shocks in SN 1006. By comparing our results with state-of-the-art models, we find that SN 1006 is transferring a significant fraction of its kinetic energy to hadrons. The inferred values of compression ratios and cosmic ray slopes are consistent with those expected for modified shocks when the effects of the postcursor are included.
Seminario in forma ibrida
Indirizzo Google Meet: https://meet.google.com/sxz-cctp-tsc
Speaker: Vincenzo Sapienza (UNIPA)
Titolo: A spatially resolved study of hard X-ray emission in Kepler’s SNR: indications of different regimes of particle acceleration
Abstract:
L’emissione di Sincrotrone nei raggi X proveniente da resti di supernova (SNR) giovani è un potente strumento diagnostico per studiare la popolazione di elettroni altamente energetici accelerati al fronte di shock oltre che per studiare il processo di accelerazione stesso.
In questo lavoro abbiamo eseguito un’analisi spettrale spazialmente risolta di osservazioni NuSTAR e XMM-Newton del giovane SNR di Keplero, con lo scopo di studiare in dettaglio la sua emissione non termica nei raggi X duri.
Gli spettri sono stato analizzati adottando un modello di radiazione di sincrotrone in un regime in cui l’energia massima degli elettroni è limitata dalle perdite radiative, in modo da vincolare la dipendenza dell’energia di cutoff del sincrotrone dalla velocità del fronte di shock.
Abbiamo identificato due diversi regimi di accelerazione di particelle.
A nord, dove lo shock sta interagendo con un mezzo circumstellare denso, abbiamo trovato una accelerazione più efficiente che a sud, dove la velocità del fronte di shock è più alta e non ci sono segni di interazione tra shock e un mezzo circumstellare denso.
I nostri risultati suggeriscono un’efficienza maggiore in regioni dove l’interazione tra shock e mezzo circumstellare genera un campo magnetico turbolento ed amplificato.
Combinando lo spettro nei raggi X duri con osservazioni radio e gamma del SNR di Keplero, abbiamo modellato la distribuzione dell’energia spettrale (SED). Alla luce dei nostri risultati proponiamo che l’emissione gamma osservata sia principalmente adronica (associata a protoni ultrarelativistici), e che origini dalla parte nord del resto.